The History of the Kaleidoscope and David Brewster

The kaleidoscope was invented in 1816 by Scottish scientist, Sir David Brewster (1781–1868), a mathematician and physicist noted for his various contributions to the field of optics.  He patented it in 1817 (GB 4136), but thousands of unauthorized copycats were constructed and sold, resulting in Brewster receiving little financial benefits from his most famous invention. Sir David Brewsters Invention Brewster named his invention after the Greek words kalos (beautiful), eidos  (form), and scopos  (watcher). So kaleidoscope roughly translates to beautiful form watcher. Brewsters kaleidoscope was a tube containing loose pieces of colored glass and other pretty objects, reflected by mirrors or glass lenses set at angles, that created patterns when viewed through the end of the tube. Charles Bushs Improvements In the early 1870s, Charles Bush, a Prussian native living in Massachusetts, improved upon the kaleidoscope and started the kaleidoscope fad. Charles Bush was granted patents in 1873 and 1874 related to improvements in kaleidoscopes, kaleidoscope boxes, objects for kaleidoscopes (US 143,271), and kaleidoscope stands. Charles Bush was the first person to mass manufacture his parlor kaleidoscope in America. His kaleidoscopes were distinguished by the use of liquid-filled glass ampules to create even more visually stunning effects. How Kaleidoscopes Work The kaleidoscope creates reflections of a direct view of the objects at the end of a tube, through the use of angled mirrors set at the end; as the user rotates the tube, the mirrors create new patterns. The image will be symmetrical if the mirror angle is an even divider of 360 degrees. A mirror set at 60 degrees will generate a pattern of six regular sectors. A mirror angle at 45 degrees will make eight equal sectors, and an angle of 30 degrees will make twelve. The lines and colors of simple shapes are multiplied by the mirrors into a visually stimulating vortex.

What Brings a Poem to Life - 1134 Words

Poetry, like any other piece of literature, is written to express certain emotion,feeling or idea as desired by the author. Without a defined format, poems come in all sorts of variations, each with it’s own sound,smell, and taste. The most successful poems masterfully give readers the Ah Ha! experience and invoke in them incomprehensible emotions that render them vulnerable to the poets message. William Shakespeare’ s Sonnet 18 and Sylvia Plath’s Metaphors adequately contain imagery,lineation,and tone to shape the meaning and allow the rest to the readers perception.However, no matter how elegant the poem may be structured the poem is nothing without the readers interpretation. Poetry is brought to life by the authors ability to use†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines† brings forward the understanding of a hot day when the sun shines fiercely. With these words an audience is able understand the path that the poe m is taking. If the reader is unable to make this connection with the words in the poem then the efforts of the author are lost. The meaning of the poem derives from the understanding that a summer’s day can sometimes be unpleasant and too soon end whilst the beauty of the person described lives eternally. The structure of poems are inconspicuous elements that are often taken for granted. The lineation of a poem brings a lot to the table when deducing a poems meaning. True Love Poem by Robert Penn Warren is an ideal example of the effect of lineation. Freckled. In a big black Buick, Driven by a big grown boy, with a necktie, she sat In front of the drugstore, sipping something Through a straw. There is nothing like Beauty. It stops your heart. It Thickens your blood. It stops your breath. It The entire poem can be read and understood without the break in line, but each line can also be understood on its own. The woman of the poem is sipping through a straw and theres nothing like her beauty. In the same event this same concept can be comprehended differently, â€Å"Through a straw† can be though of as the act of analyzing something instead of actually drinking through a straw.â€Å"Beauty. It stops yourShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Emily Dickinson s Poem My Life Had Stood- A Loaded Gun 993 Words   |  4 PagesEmily Dickinson is a very famous and accomplished poet with over 1700 published poems. Several of her poems are similar in theme, and also similar in bringing out human emotions that we humans usually try to avoid. The common theme in most of Dickinson s poems is the wonders of nature, and the identity of self, as well as death and life. The five poems with the common theme of death are: â€Å"My Life had St ood- A Loaded Gun†, â€Å"I Heard A Fly Buzz- When I Died†, â€Å"Behind Me Dips- Eternity†, â€Å"Because IRead MoreEssay on Love for $17.50 analysis1124 Words   |  5 PagesAfter reading the poem Love for $17.50 by Charles Bukowski, my mind is in a conundrum. 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The â€Å"echo† within the poem â€Å"Penitence† by John Burnside can be inturpreted many different ways depending on the perspective that you approach poem from. Some may look at the â€Å"echo† as simply the deer being reincarnated in his imagination. Others see the â€Å"echo† as the voices of those who have passed. Still many people look at the â€Å"echo† and think about the natural world around us. All of these ideas are correct, their really isRead More R.S Thomas Treatment of the Theme Of Old Age In His Poems Lore And989 Words   |  4 PagesR.S Thomas Treatment of the Theme Of Old Age In His Poems Lore And An Old Man R.S Thomas was an Anglican minister who was born in 1913 and died in 1965. He ministered in remote parishes in the welsh hillsides amongst hill farmers. The bleak Welsh landscape and the harsh life of the farmers who were his parishioners provided an inspiration for much of his finest poetry. R.S Thomas taught himself the Welsh language in order to understand the hill farmers. Much of his poetry describes theirRead MoreAnnabel Lee : A Critical Analysis882 Words   |  4 Pagesthe poem great, but also to really describe the feelings the speaker has for everything in his life. Poe constantly brings up ideas multiple themes throughout the poem. He brings them up over and over again to really show how powerful they are in the poem. Poe brings up the kingdom by the sea in the first four stanzas. â€Å"Kingdom by the sea† gives it a fairytale like feel. The speaker does not mention anything deeper about the Kingdom, making it feel like there are no other people in the poem, exceptRead MoreIn William Wordsworth’S Poem â€Å"My Heart Leaps Up,† The Poet1628 Words   |  7 PagesIn William Wordsworth’s poem â€Å"My heart leaps up,† the poet is writing about the beauty and the simplicity of nature. Wordsworth manages to say a lot in the short nine lines that this poem consists of. Like much of Wordsworth’s work, this is a poem about nature. Specifically, he is speaking about seeing a rainbow in the sky. In the poem, he explains that he would rather die than have to stop loving the small things about nature that make his heart â€Å"leap.† This sentiment about nature is not unusual

The Crucible-Theme- 5-Paragraph Free Essays

â€Å"Even the Good can be Twisted† â€Å"Be who you are and say what you feel, because those who mind don’t matter and those who matter don’t mind. † ( Dr. Seuss) â€Å"Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible-Theme- 5-Paragraph or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (Psalm 23:4) â€Å"God has given you one face, and you make yourself another. † (William Shakespeare) These quotes, found throughout many different time periods of history, all say the same: â€Å"Be who you are and don’t let anything change that. † These are great words to live by, but, in time of weakness, does one stay true? Can even the good be twisted? This is a theme that is represented throughout The Crucible many times. Characters such as Elizabeth Proctor, John Proctor, and Reverend Hale had good intentions or morals in the beginning but were soon marred by protecting a lover, temptation, or the questioning of all that one stood on. To begin, Elizabeth Proctor was twisted in a way that was out of love for her husband and his keeping safe. In the beginning, Elizabeth was a character that was known for never lying. She was a woman of Salem that could do no wrong and loved her husband abundantly. Soon, though, her incorruption was challenged when she was brought to court to prove her husband’s innocence. Instead of telling the truth, she lied about the affair that John had previously confessed about. Thinking what was best, detrimental to herself or not, Elizabeth broke the one thing that made her consistent. She chose hurting her own conscience and fate over seeing her husband be punished for a crime he actually committed. As a result of this, Elizabeth’s whole character was altered, changing from a purely good woman to a liar. Simultaneously, John Proctor’s character was distorted in many ways. Even before the play began, John had broken his own moral code by having an affair with Abigail Williams. This went against, not just the rules of the church, but his own personal beliefs and everything he lived by. This caused John to have internal conflict throughout the entire play, making him guilt-ridden. This contention was only to him until he openly stated it in court to prove his wife’s innocence from witchcraft. It was a moot point though, because Elizabeth did the same thing for him, damning him to be ried for taking part in black magic. Only in the end did John Proctor feel any forgiveness towards himself. In his mind, he deserved the punishment he was going to endure and wasn’t going condemn anyone else in the process. All in all, John was a noble man but, warped by temptation, was made a man of slander. Furthermore, Reverend Hale was pushed to change also. Hale came into Salem a st ranger, but knew how to fix the problem the town endured. He never questioned that God had a plan and always thought that something was either good or bad, with no gray area in between. This thinking is challenged when Elizabeth, a pure person, is accused and then later when John confesses. He knows that these people are honest and leaves the court for a period of time. In the end, Hale is a desperate man, and even though knowing there is no witchcraft present, he urges John to admit that he is not the one that should be punished. He has to question all the rules he has lived by his whole life and pursue something he knows is incorrect. In essence, Reverend Hale is pushed to his limits and is turned into a man that will be permanently in suspicion of any standards he ever thought were true. In the end, as a reader, one is challenged to think, if put in that situation, if he or she would falter from what is right. If one would, knowing that is against every precedent and moral one owns, be brought away from all that is good and change? This play shows this theme various times throughout that the good, like Elizabeth, John, and Hale, would be changed when brought up against acting out of love, lust, and doing what is right. The Crucible is continuously asking the reader, â€Å"Can even the good be twisted? † How to cite The Crucible-Theme- 5-Paragraph, Essay examples

In retrospect, was France the best choice for the location of Euro

In retrospect, was France the best choice for the location of Euro-Disney? Sample Essay In retrospect. was France the best pick for the location of Euro-Disney? Not truly. because of the Europeans didn’t stay at the park every bit long as Disney expected. While the Disney succeeded in acquiring close to 9 million visitants a twelvemonth through the park Gatess. in the line with its programs. most stayed merely a twenty-four hours or two. Few stayed the four to five yearss that the Disney had hoped for. It seems that most Europeans regard subject parks merely as topographic points for twenty-four hours jaunts. A subject park is merely non seen as a finish for an drawn-out holiday. Which is besides intending the Gallic people did non pass much in the Disney hotel. This was a large daze for the Disney. because the company had invested one million millions in constructing luxury hotels next to the park-hotels that the day-trippers didn’t demand and that stood half empty in the hotel in the most of the clip. To do the affairs worse. the Gallic didn’t demo up in the expected Numberss. In the 1994. merely 40 per-cents of the park’s visitants were Gallic. One puzzled executive noted that many visitants were Americans populating in Europe or. alien still. What is more surprising was that most of the visitants were the Nipponese travelling to Europe. In the consequence by the terminal of the 1994. the Euro-Disneyland had cumulative losingss of $ 2billion. The entire sum of money spent on epicurean hotels and the loss they had of $ 2 billion by the terminal of 1994. it can clearly state that the France is non a best pick for location of Euro Disney. Mentions 1. Neil Kokemuller. 2014. How Do Companies Communicate With Employees? . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ehow. com/info_8528878_do-companies-communicate-employees. hypertext markup language

Anorexia Nervosa Essays - Eating Disorders, Psychiatric Diagnosis

Anorexia Nervosa Essays - Eating Disorders, Psychiatric Diagnosis Anorexia Nervosa Many people suffer from the condition known as anorexia nervosa. Often the victims go through a number of symptoms that can lead to a serious amount of problems concerning a persons weight, happiness, and personality. People should keep a close eye out for anyone who shows signs of certain symptoms that become present later on in the future. What is Anorexia Nervosa? In medicine, Anorexia Nervosa is a condition characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming obese, along with a distorted body image, which leads to excessive weight loss from restricting food intake and exercising excessively. It is essentially self-starvation leading to a loss of body weight 15% below normal, accompanied with hyperactivity, hypothermia, and amenorrhea. Between 5 and 18 percent of known anorexia nervosa victims die of starvation, and the condition may also lead to abnormalities in the menstrual cycle and increased susceptibility to infection. (Bruch, 53) Anorexia is an illness of several causes. The weight loss that triggers the illness is often the result of either a normal diet (the sort that is typical of many normal adolescent girls) or unhappiness or illness. The personalities of those with the illness tend to be conformist, compliant, and hard working. These traits are usually accentuated by the disorder. The families of anorexics are mainly high achieving with high expectations of their children. They often seem to discourage individual growth and encourage conformity. There is frequently a failure to express emotional issues. There are often a lot of pressures such as exams when the illness starts and stresses arising from difficulties in relationships with friends are also common. (Claude-Pierre, 102) How does it develop? Perfectionist parents drive their children to be the best and the brightest. These parents fixate on order, prestige, power and/or perfect appearances. Depriving parents withhold attention and encouragement from their children. They love conditionally, giving affection when a child pleases them and withdrawing it when displeased. What are some signs? Anorexia may not be noticed in the early stages because it often starts as an innocent diet. In the later and more dangerous stages, family members may not notice the disease because the anorexic usually wears layered and baggy clothes (Costin, 138). However, there are many warning signs that a person is developing anorexia. An obsession with diet and exercise are two early signs that a person is becoming anorexic. This can include difficulty eating in public places or in front of others, secrecy about eating patterns and food intake, and excessive exercise despite visible weight loss. A pre- occupation with weight and body image develops, and the anorexic will frequently check their weight on a scale or examine their body in a mirror. Other warning signs include disturbed sleep, hyperactivity, irritability, social withdrawal, depression, sensitivity to cold temperature, and fainting spells. (Claude-Pierre, 202) What problems arise from it? The human body copes with periods of semi-starvation and weight loss fairly well. However, rapid weight loss, the use of vomiting or laxatives to promote weight loss, and the loss of more than 35% of normal body weight are all associated with danger. Prolonged weight loss during adolescence may eventually lead to permanent failure of normal growth and an increased risk of osteoporosis in later life. In extreme cases anorexia can lead to cardiac arrest and death, and it is estimated that up to 10% of known anorexics die from complications due to the illness. (Bruch, 147) Other physical problems associated with anorexia are dehydration, stomach pain, constipation, dry skin, decreased heart and metabolic rates, lowered body temperature, dizziness, fatigue, sleeping problems, headaches, cold hands and feet, and abnormalities of the menstruation cycle. (Costin, 167) What kinds of treatment are there? No generally recognized treatment or therapy for anorexia nervosa exists. Regaining normal weight with a normal eating pattern is the first step of treatment and when the illness is severe this may require admission to hospital. Psychotherapy, regular medical monitoring, and nutritional guidance should be part of any treatment program for anorexia. The goals are to restore weight to correct the effects of malnutrition, to control abnormal eating behavior and to prevent recurrence by addressing the associated psychological and family issues. Close cooperation among all medical, nutritional and psychological health professionals involved is important.

How the Olympic Torch Works

How the Olympic Torch Works Quite a lot of development and technology goes into the flame for the Olympic Torch. Heres a look at how the Olympic Torch works and the fuel used to produce the flame. Origin of the Olympic Torch The Olympic Torch represents Prometheus theft of fire from Zeus. In the original Greek Olympic Games, a fire -  the Olympic Flame - was kept burning during the duration of the games. The tradition of the Olympic Flame made its way into the international games in the 1928 summer Olympic Games in Amsterdam. There was no torch relay in the original games, taking the flame from its source to wherever the games were being held. The Olympic Torch is a relatively new invention, introduced by Carl Diem at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Design of the Olympic Torch While the original Olympic Torch was simply an Olympic Flame that was kept burning throughout the original Greek Olympic Games, the modern torch is a sophisticated device that is used in a relay. The design of the torch changes and is customized for every set of Olympic Games. Recent torches use a double burner, with an outer bright flame and a small inner blue flame. The inner flame is protected such that if the torch is blown out by wind or rain, the small flame acts as a sort of pilot light, re-igniting the torch. A typical torch carries fuel sufficient to burn for about 15 minutes. Recent  games have utilized a  burning mixture of butane and polypropylene or propane. Fun Olympic Torch Facts Some early torches were fueled by olive oil.The runners in the 1956 torch relay carried a flaming block of hexamine and naphthalene, but a more dazzling display was desired for the entry into the Melbourne Olympic Stadium. The runner, Ron Clarke, carried a torch burning a mixture of magnesium and aluminum flakes (think thermite reaction or a giant sparkler). The torch dripped clumps of flaming metal onto the track and burned its carrier.The 2000 Olympic Games featured an underwater flare for a torch so that a diver could bear the flame across the Great Barrier Reef to the Sydney Games in Australia.Multiple torches are made for each set of Olympic Games. There were 22 torches for the 1952 games in Helsinki, 6,200 for the 1980 games in Moscow and 8,000 for the 2012 London Games. What Happens When the Torch Goes Out? Modern Olympic Torches are less likely to go out than their predecessors. The type of torch used for the 2012 Summer Olympic Games has been tested and found to function at temperatures from -5 °C to 40 °C, in rain and snow, at 95% humidity, and with wind gusts of up to 50 mph. The torch will remain lit when dropped from a height of at least three meters (the test height). Even so, the flame can go out! When this happens, the inner flame acts as a pilot light to reignite the fuel of the flame. Unless the torch is very wet, the flame should reignite easily.

The 80s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The 80s - Essay Example It was a time of revolution against the normal. This was shown through the cultural response of the classy style, and this fashion has achieved to bring up the social feeling that extended to include all manners of consumables and socializations. This style was shown throughout many of the trends of the 1980s. According to Niven, â€Å"jewelry wasn’t just an accessory in the eighties. It was a focal point† (27). Punk fashion which was combination of the hippie movement of the past decades and the current materialist trend also emerged. When it came to hairstyles, people preferred big, curly, dreadlocked and heavy. The fashion included a pair of torn jeans, tights trousers, leather clothes, leg warmers, leggings and athletic shoes. The celebrities wore leather, laced clothes and fishnet stockings and gloves. When it came to a business look, there was the power suit. Knight describes power suit as a â€Å"term popularized in the 1980s that was associated with the attire worn by business men and women to project confidence and authority† (viii-ix).The women during this period wore heavy and bright makeup. They often used light colored lipstick, dark and thick eyelashes and pink and blue blusher. The 1980s clothing was considered unisex. The women wore sweaters that included turtlenecks and V-necks. The most preferred school shoes were knee-high boots and kitten heels, sneakers and jelly shoes. The women had become more colorful as they wore wool coats, long flared skirts and miniskirts. Punk fashion emerged in the1980s. It was popular among people aged 18–22. This fashion was expressed by multi-colored mohawks, â€Å"black clothing, leather jackets, and ripped jeans† (Feinstein 13). Jean jackets were fashionable when fixed with a safety pin, buttons, patches, or cultural trophies. People of the punk style would use bits of fabric and attach them with safety pins. This style soon became a fashionable way of fixing

Discussion on Business Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discussion on Business Organization - Essay Example This market leadership may relate to pricing innovation, product innovation, new forms of promotion, development of new market segments, or initiating a new trend in the market. Quite often such market leaders may not be large organizations, but more innovative smaller organizations, like Dyson in vacuum cleaners; or organizations with better expertise, like specialized accounting firms or those with more talent and competencies, like Stella McCartney in fashion designing. Simon, 2009, p.29, terms such smaller organizations as â€Å"hidden champions†. These â€Å"hidden champions†, reframe the definition of market leadership to â€Å"market leadership not only in terms of market share, but see it as an extended claim to overall leadership in their markets† (Simon, 2009, p.29). Table – 1 below gives the advantages and disadvantages of market leadership. ... Compounding the contribution of these factors to problems in identifying market leadership is the issue that some organizations, do not concentrate on achieving leadership by merely market share. They may to look to acquiring leadership in other aspects, like asset leadership, which gives them a boost towards taking over market leadership. Asset concentration may be in terms of competencies of the employees, or superior equipment or strength in distribution channels. Identifying market leadership thus becomes a more difficult endeavour (Pickton & Masterson, 2010, p.40). Following in the path laid out by a market leader are the organizations that may be called market followers. Market followers identify and keep a track of the successful ideas and strategies employed by market leaders. This does not imply that they follow a me-too product design and promotion strategy. Rather, the strategy employed is to allow the market leader to employ resources in testing their innovative ideas and strategies, and then cash in by employing the successful innovative ideas and strategies themselves. This can be seen from the example of the competitors of McDonald’s in the 1990’s waiting for McDonald to identify locations for its outlets, using its resources, before moving into the location as a competitor. It is these market followers that need to identify the market leaders, so as to copy their successful innovative ideas and strategies (Pickton & Masterson, 2010, p.39). 2. The EC Unfair Commercial Practices Directive and the German Act against Unfair competition define unfair competition as â€Å"unfair commercial practices that are likely to distort the economic behaviour of consumers† (De

Drawing on the concept of fashion as a form of communication, Essay

Drawing on the concept of fashion as a form of communication, critically analyze the role that fashion and clothes have in shaping people's identities - Essay Example This is the reason why fashion is spread out so as to make people understand where they are coming from and how they shall be seen within the related scheme of things. This is the exact manner under which their relevant selves will be highlighted and their personal beliefs shall be bolstered. This paper will discuss how the concept of fashion has evolved over a period of time and how it closely linked with culture and the identity basis. How people’s ideologies have been shaped up with respect to fashion is also something that this paper shall delve upon. Before fashion can be studied in-depth, it is required that the role of society under which it exists is taken note of. This is because this very society adopts and adapts it so that the people can have it within their lives to give out a statement. Why society can pose as a serious problem for the fashion domains from making its mark is a significant aspect that should be taken note of. This is because fashion pinpoints the basis of societal representation from vastly different ideologies. These concepts can change with the advent of time and be based on the beliefs of a select few, which is another point of much consideration. It must be remembered here that the society has the final say in making up the realms of fashion and how it is culturally adopted across the board. The leaders within any society of the world would have their own opinions when it comes to fashion and its inter-related pointers (Kim 2013). This discusses the tangent of cultural adaptations which can be had wi thin the relevant thick of things, and which always remain necessary to comprehend. Hence fashion needs to be given a chance on a proactive basis for it to make its mark on a local as well as a global level. This is when it is truly and wholly manifested. The role of fashion and clothes in shaping the peoples identities has been immense and this has been the case

Frito Lay Company: Cracker Jack Case Analysis

Frito Lay Company: Cracker Jack Case Analysis Frito-Lay is worldwide leader in snack manufacturing and marketing. It represented 54 percent of retail sales of snack chips in United States, making it leader in that category. Frito-Lay is division of PepsiCo. Inc and in 1996 represented 31 percent of PepsiCos net sales and 60 percent of PepsiCos operating profit (Kerin Peterson, 2010). Some of popular brands of Frio-Lay are Lays and Ruffles, Doritos, Tostitos, Potato chips, Cheetos, Sun Chips and Funyuns onion-flavored snacks. During 1990s majority of Frito-Lays growth was attributed to its low-fat and no-fat snacks such as Baked Lays potato crisps, Baked Tostitos tortilla chips, and Rold Gold pretzels. Frito-Lay has extensive manufacturing infrastructure with 45 manufacturing plants in 26 states, including worlds largest snack food plan in Frankfort, Indiana. It has extensive warehouses and distribution facilities as well with more than 1,800 in number and 17,500 salespeople who make 750,000 sales and delivery calls on approx 35 0,000 retail store customers each week (Kerin Peterson, 2010). It also is one of leading national advertisers in the United States. Borden Foods Cracker Jack is one of leading brand in Ready-To-Eat (RTE) caramel popcorn category. Because of Bordens strategic decision to focus its resources on pasta business and grain-meals, which needs significant resource investment, it has decided to divest Cracker Jack and related assets. Frito-Lays New Ventures Division, which seeks and creates new business platform and products to grow business (Kerin Peterson, 2010), evaluating purchase of Cracker Jack brand to grow Frito-Lays business. Problem Identification Ready to Eat (RTE) caramel popcorn product category has several different types of competitors; national brand firms, seasonal/specialty firms, regional firms and private label firms. Cracker Jack is national brand and its biggest competing brand is Crunch n Munch from International Foods Home Inc. In 1996 dollar sales market share of Cracker Jack was 26% whereas Crunch n Munch enjoyed 32% of market share (Kerin Peterson, 2010). Generally RTE caramel popcorn is viewed as undermarketed category, especially Cracker Jack spent far less in media advertising compared to Crunch n Munch. Because of reasons mentioned above and several other reasons Cracker Jack is seen by consumer as a brand which has lost momentum. Frito-Lay has decided to purchase Cracker Jack brand and regaining this momentum is key factor. Identifying the Root Problem Components Cracker Jack brand has universal awareness, however its seen as traditional and old fashioned, and less contemporary than Crunch n Munch. Although there are several Cracker Jack products such as Cracker Jack Fat Free, Butter Toffee, and Nutty Deluxe, consumer awareness of these is below 50 percent. Although consumers are aware of Cracker Jack brand largely because of its heritage, only 7.1 percent of U.S. household consumes it primarily because a) they dont think about it as they dont see advertisements b) unavailable where they shop and c) they see it as too expensive and say boxes are not large enough. Components of root problem which Frito-Lay needs to tackle are premium price of Cracker Jack, extend Cracker jack trademark and revitalize Cracker Jacks base business. To do this it needs to expand distribution of Cracker Jack, develop new packaging and flavors (and at same time reduce SKUs which are not popular. It has 32 SKUs), impactful product positioning, increase consumer advertisement and establish price leadership. SWOT Analysis Strengths: Frito-Lay has strong strong-door-delivery sales force. Executives are very proactive and detailed in projects they undertake, project Bingo is good example of it. Frito-Lays extensive sales and distribution infrastructure and manufacturing facilities. Leading national advertiser in dollars spent and creative execution. Frito-Lays brand name reputation and its strong presence in consumer food business. Opportunities: Addition of new product category allows Frito-Lay to reach out to new customers for its existing brands. Cracker Jack brand equity gives opportunity to Frito-Lay to start selling its existing brand in new markets. Extended product line and market share provides Frito-Lay with more negotiation power with retailers. Extend Frito-Lay brand presence in vending machines. Weaknesses: Cracker Jack brand is considered traditional and old fashioned. Cracker Jack is premium priced brand and its price has risen by 5 to 6 percent per year since 1993. Frito-Lays inexperience in RTE caramel popcorn product category. Negative direct product contribution for year 1994,1995,1996 gives negative impression of product Threats: Strong competition from International Home Foods, Inc. (Crunch n Munch brand) Competitors could outbid Frito-Lay to acquire Cracker Jack. Increase in health consciousness among consumers could impact Cracker Jack sales, unless consumer perception changes to consider it as low-fat RTE. Retailers might not be willing to give shelf space, considering popularity and sales of Crunch n Munch. Evaluation of Alternatives Frito-Lay has three options to expand its growth. First, expand its existing snack business by exploring new eating occasions for its existing or new products. Second, enter new product category by capitalizing on its existing strength. Third, called Opportunistic acquisitions, where Frito-Lay would acquire related food company specific brands or entire business. Frito-Lay has already penetrated market with its strong brand name, sales and distribution infrastructure and advertisement therefore first option would be stretch and require lot of creative ideas and dollars. Entering new product category is risky due to inexperience in those categories and strong well established competition therefore second option has high risks. Acquisition of new brand or company would bring its own challenges such as corporate cultural challenge but will also give head start in entering new product category. Recommendation Considering various options, Frito-Lay should go with third option; acquire brand or entire new business, especially when Borden intends to divest the Cracker Jack Brand, which has very high brand awareness. Frito-Lay should integrate sales and distribution of Cracker Jack with Frito-Lay brands and place Cracker Jack on Salty Snack Aisle. Doing so would send signal to consumers that Cracker Jack is now part of well known brand which is progressive and will be easily accessible to consumers. For first year it should primarily focus on 8-oz Bag-in-Box product so that consumers can relate Cracker Jack with good tasting product which is relatively cheaper. Consumer Advertisement should be done aggressively so that consumers see it and remember to purchase it. For this, Frito-Lay should spend $22 million in Advertising and Promotion for 8-oz Bag-in-Box. This effort is expected to bring $83.4 million in sales. It should spend $15 million in advertisement and promotion of 7-oz Flex Bag, whi ch is expected to bring $77.1 million of sales. Using this combination of promotional activities, consumers will remember Cracker Jack brand and when they go to purchase it they would have accessibility to 8-oz and 7-oz Cracker Jack bags in same location along with Frito-Lay brands. To make sure resources are focused on re-establishing Cracker Jack prestige to contemporary consumer base, it should cut down SKUs from 32 to 12. This would enable sales distribution department of Frito-Lay to use existing infrastructure to distribute Cracker Jack to almost all market segments. Frito-Lay should not purchase manufacturing facility of Cracker Jack brand, rather utilize its own manufacturing facility and extend it to package Cracker Jack brand. This would ensure consistency of machinery, maintain good business relationship with current machine supplier and enable utilization of existing trained workforce. In second and third year, additional Cracker Jack flavors should be introduced in market and aggressive consumer advertisement should be done in range of $32 million. Executing these strategies would help growth of Frito-Lay by entering in new consumer product category.

Recycling: Very Important for the Earth Essay -- Recycling, 2015

â€Å"I think the environment should be put in the category of our national security. Defense of our resources is just as important as defense abroad. Otherwise what is there to defend?† --Robert Redford, Yosemite National Park dedication, 1985 Recycling has been around for a very long time; thousands of years to be exact. Some recycling methods then were recycling animal skins and scrap metal. Animal skins were re-used by the Indians for clothes, shoes and shelter and metal was melted down to make swords and other weapons. However, now, century’s later metal is still melted down to make things such as airplanes, cars, appliances, war weapons and much, much, more. And animal skin is still used today, to make shoes, boots and certain clothing items; such leather coats. Recycling became noticed as a trend by the public in the 1970’s. The industries have known about recycling for years. The public grabbed the concept that turning old items into new ones was just as much their duty as well as industries when the environment began to go unhealthy and when recycling centers opened. Now, curbside recycling programs and recycling centers are common. In 2009, approximately 9,000 curbside recycling programs and 3, 000 composting communities existed in the United States (EPA 2010). You can now recycle at home and in airports, schools, and the workplace. What is recycling? , What does waste consist of? , and what are the benefits of recycling? Recycling basics and steps What is recycling? Recycling can be defined as making a new product from used materials or â€Å"to adapt to a new use† and â€Å"to make ready for reuse† seem to fit best (Merriam-Webster, 2011). Don’t confused reusing with recycling. Reusing is far different from recyc... ... incineration and landfills, prevents pollution caused by the manufacturing of products from virgin materials; saves energy; decreases emissions of greenhouse gases that contribute to global climate change; conserves natural resources such as timber, water, and minerals; and helps sustain the environment for future generations (EPA 2011a and Palliser 2011). In conclusion revisiting recycling has been a great experience. Recycling is very important for the earth and clean air. We need to continue to do our part in protect the environment and making sure that landfills decrease instead of increasing and that are properly maintained. Recycling is very important for earth. Many companies are on broad with recycling doing their part to help decrease waste. Works Cited Palliser, Janna. (2011). Revisiting recycling. Science Scope. November 2011, pp. 14-17.

Nature vs. Nurture Essay

Over recent years the nature vs. nurture debate has been extensively discussed and researched. Should human characteristics such as intelligence, personality, behavior and ability be attributed to our genetics or our environment? One problem with this is how to pin a trait down to either an inherited or learned characteristic, or perhaps itÂ’s both. Are we to blame for our behavior or is inevitable due to our genetics? This question and others seems to be part of the controversy over the subject. Also, these questions play a factor in how to change and adapt behavior. Different techniques would be more effective depending on the cause of a particular behavior or characteristic. When analyzing the causes of behavior problems in children the question of nature vs. nurture is a legitimate question. One recent study conducted by the University of Virginia and several others including one in Australia studied 1,045 twins and their 2,051 children. Some of the parents were identical twins with others being fraternal. This affected the amount of genes that were shared among the siblings. Participants were twins from a volunteer twin registry and information was gathered through a series of phone interviews beginning in 1993 and ending in 2003. The study discovered that spousal fighting wasnÂ’t to blame for behavioral problems in their children. Rather, it was the genes that influenced how often they argued with spouses. These genes when passed to their children caused more conduct problems. The conclusion of the study was that in family therapy, more focus on the child rather than the parents would be more effective (Society for Research in Child Development, 2007). This conclusion supports the theory that it is nature or our genetics that influence this particular behavior. On the other end of the spectrum another study involved observing children in different childcare settings. Researchers from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development studied the children beginning in 1991 from the age of one month until they were school age. These 1,364 participants were selected at birth and were studied through phone and personal interviews at three month intervals. The childrenÂ’s cognitive and social functioning was measured at certain intervals and followed up to the  children on sixth grade. It was concluded that center based care yielded more aggression and disobedience than other types of childcare, with the quality of childcare was also found to be a factor (Society for Research in Child Development, 2007). This conclusion supports the theory that it is nurture or our environment that influences this particular behavior and the type of care children receive is an important factor in a childÂ’s development. Both of these studies posed the question of whether the cause of a particular problem, this one being behavioral issues, is genetic or ones environment. Both of these studies looked exclusively at one cause or the other with little being discussed about the other possibilities. The differences in the studies was the length of time given to each study with the genetic study being short term and the childcare study involving observations over a period of time. Another difference is the twin study looked at parents of a specific group, that being twins. The child care study looked at the children of many different types of parents. While both of these studies have their merits, neither study was able to conclusively determine the cause of behavioral problems observed as being attributed solely to genetics or the environment. The question of which one plays a greater role will likely continue to be asked. Hopefully this leads to more research and answers that will further our understanding of human behavior. References Society for Research in Child Development (2007, March 26). Center-based Care Yields More Behavior Problems; In Other Types Of Care, Problems Short-lived. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 31, 2009, from http://www.sciencedaily.com ¬ /releases/2007/03/070326095340.htm. Society for Research in Child Development (2007, February 7). Parents’ Genes, Not Parents’ Arguing, May Cause Children’s Conduct Problems. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 31, 2009, from http://www.sciencedaily.com ¬ /releases/2007/02/070207090943.htm.

How to Create a ServiceScape Profile That Gets Results

How to Create a ServiceScape Profile That Gets Results When you enlist your services as an online freelancer in todays digital age, you have to go above and beyond to outshine the competition. With more than 35% of Americans participating in the gig economy to some degree, its safe to say that youre competing against some top-tier talent out there.Thats why it is important to optimally present yourself and your skill set so that clients can be convinced of your worth. We are going to focus on your profile, which is the starting point for every interaction on ServiceScape, and delve into how to clearly communicate what clients want to hear.Your ServiceScape profile contains the following information (in no particular order):DescriptionHeadshot PhotographPortfolioVideo IntroductionCredentialsUsernameRatings and ReviewsPricesThe more effort you put into each and every one of these profile elements, the more successful you will be at attracting clients.A shopping experience always begins with presentation. Think of it this way: when clients come to ServiceScape, their initial interaction is similar to going to a bookstore and browsing book covers that catch their eye. As design expert Sabrina Smelko puts it:They say not to judge a book by its cover, but who are we kidding? Its undeniable that the cover of a book affects your decision to either read on or put it back on the shelf. In todays visual culture, this can be even more true for anyone who runs any kind of business, whether online or brick-and-mortar.With so many visuals coming at us from our computers, phones and various feeds - let alone the world outside our doors - it seems were almost expected to have a cool logo and visually-rich branded content in order to even be noticed. And regardless of whether you want to succumb to this fact or not, as exhausting as it can be, its hard to deny that a first impression can have a huge impact and influence on your business; which, much like a book cover, can determine the number of customers who open the door.Sabrina Smelko, Tips Tricks for Creating a Customer-Catching Storefront DisplayEssentially, your profile is your book cover and is the first step for convincing clients to learn more about you and what you have to offer. We are going to break down each element of your profile, why it is important, and how to curate it to your personal advantage.Lets get started.DescriptionYour description is the brief paragraph that communicates who you are, what you can offer, and what clients can expect from working with you. Equipped with a character limit, its up to you to fit as much information as possible into a concise, witty, and informative blurb. If you are not a writer/editor, its worth considering editing services to ensure your description reflects proper grammar, syntax, and spelling.We recommend, at the very least, that you include the following:Three areas of your expertiseWhat you can promise clients every single timeYour own personal catchy tagline. Something like Lets get to work.After writing your description, you should reread it from the perspective of a client. Is the description written with enthusiasm and energy? Does it connect with you and what you need as an imaginary client? In other words, would you hire yourself? If the answer is no, keep working on it until you are satisfied with the results.Tip #1: Check out other professionals descriptions. See whats working for them. Although you cannot plagiarize, theres no harm in getting a little inspiration from the other people in your field.Headshot PhotographNext, although your description will communicate exactly what it is you can offer clients, your headshot photograph will be the first piece of media they glance over when they discover your profile. Humans are visually oriented, which means headshots can make or break your profile.Here are our tips for what you should consider when picking a headshot:Every headshot must be high resolution; grainy quality automatically tells a buyer that you are unprofes sional.Smile and look pleasant; relatability is important and no one wants to work with a grouch.Here is an example of a good headshot photograph. The photo is high resolution and the individual is friendly and engaging.Although headshots may vary depending on your area of expertise, its worth it to see a professional photographer and to get a real headshot taken. Blurry photos taken by phones and laptops will be noted, communicating to clients that you are not serious about how you present yourself or your freelance business.Be sure to check out the competition. What seems to be the best headshot move for the most successful professionals? This is a good indication of where you should go with the headshot.Tip #2: A little analytics testing is an easy way to find a photo that works best for you. Compare your inquiry results over a 3-month period, with a different photo each month. Which photo performed the best?PortfolioNow that you have a brilliant headshot and descriptive blurb in place, its time to focus on what demonstrates your skills and expertise. Compiling a portfolio that accurately reflects what you can offer clients will take time. Be sure you have approval from past clients to include their works in your public portfolio – its not always proper to go ahead and plaster business names from past projects.Remember: people dont have a lot of time today. They are going to sift through your profile quickly before they decide to choose you. That means that quality over quantity is what you want to focus on here. If you provide three different types of writing services, highlight just one piece from each area of expertise. Obviously, spend time reading over the piece extensively to ensure that there are no typos before you use it in your profile.Lastly, as time goes on, one, two, or three years can fly by while youre freelancing online. Update your profile to reflect your most recent work. If you keep showcasing work from a few years ago, clients wil l start to wonder if you are hiding something. Never get complacent!Tip #3: Remember, humans are visual creatures. Try and make your portfolio fun to look at, with eye-popping color and contrasting fonts. You dont want to make freelancer shopping feel like a mundane chore for clients.Here is an example of a great portfolio. You should make your portfolio stand out by uploading sample files that are captivating and attention-grabbing.Video IntroductionThis is a great place to let your personality shine through. In many cases, buyers might skip over the portfolio and description and go straight to the video. Why? Because they are on the go, hoping that you will speak to them so they dont have to read about you. Its just the way of the digital world today.Video introductions dont have to be Hollywood masterpieces. They can be you at a desk, providing a background on your services in just 30 seconds. Whatever you send over, well do our best to improve it on our end before we add it to y our profile. Well edit your video and add music so that it is entertaining and informative. However, bonus points for those who can edit their own videos to create a more professional setting.At the very least, in your video introduction, try to include:A simple introduction: Hello, and thank you for looking at my profileWhat you can do for clients on ServiceScapeHow long youve been freelancing (only if you are not a new freelancer)A couple of interesting facts/tidbits that make you seem charismatic, funny, or interestingIts definitely worth investing in video production services to get this video introduction just right. An impressive video can boost your profile popularity tremendously.Hiring a video production service is a smart idea. High-quality video content will allow you to build trust by providing a face and a voice to your freelance venture within a professional setting.CredentialsIf a video introduction represents one side of the selling yourself spectrum in which charism a count for a lot, credentials definitely represent the other side. This is where clients will learn about what you have specifically done and how that specifically applies to what they need.A ServiceScape credential contains just the name of a position/degree and the institution where you held that position/received that degree. Nothing more and nothing less. This allows a client to quickly glance though your experience and expertise without any sales pitch and to get to the core of what you do best.You should select your credentials carefully, making sure that each one makes a case for why you are an expert in your field. The listed order of your credentials is also important. If you have a Ph.D., dont have your B.A. degree as your first credential.UsernameYour username is the brand name for your freelance business. This is going to be the largest piece of text within your profile, so making it stand out is a priority. The catchier and more creative your username is, the more like ly it is that you will capture the interest of potential clients. As Arun Bhati, CEO of Orahi, stated in Entrepreneur.com:Good names, like good logos, evoke a strong passion for your brand, while bad names elicit distaste or worse still, indifference. A great brand name can be a solid competitive advantage for your company, especially when feature sets between two or more brands are roughly the same. A brands value is what it offers its customers and what it promises to do for them in the long run and must convey its uniqueness in a way that the customer is drawn to use it just by the mention of its name.Arun Bhati, Why Brand Name is Important for Start-Ups?Some professionals use their first names as their usernames. Though it does make your profile more personable, a username can also convey your professional capabilities. When deciding on your username, take a look at your competition first and see how they approach this issue.Tip #4: Coming up with a witty username can be difficu lt. Even if you find a username that you like, the idea could already have been taken by another ServiceScape professional. The best thing to do if you are out of ideas is to try a business name generator. There are many generators out there that you can try. After using a few of them, you should be able to find a username that is a unique and memorable representation of your services.Ratings and ReviewsThis is where your client interaction skills will shine through, whether you want them to or not. Thats why its so important to practice proper customer service with every single client, no matter how you feel about them. At the end of the day, they get to review you publicly, and that goes on your profile. Other clients will be able to read it. Go above and beyond, especially during your first few projects, to impress your clients. A stellar review can easily grab you another five projects.Review volume will give veteran freelancers an advantage. However, if you are new to ServiceSc ape dont worry. Building a client base takes time. With enough commitment and dedication, you can rack up the same number of reviews as those ahead of you today.PricesLastly, your profile is where clients can mull over your prices. If you dont know how to price a service, we recommend the following suggestion:Find five sellers in your field who seem to be dominating. Add up their rates and divide by five. Use that number as your initial rate for starting out.As time goes on, you can always increase your prices. You never want to come in so high that no one wants to buy from you, though. But, do be careful of coming in too low and giving off the impression that your work is sub-par or that you are desperate for clients.What you get out of your ServiceScape profile is entirely up to youNo, you dont have to cross your fingers and pray that a client comes your way. You can actually lure them to your services if you follow our tips for curating a professional profile. Spend some time, re search the competition, and remember to never get too complacent! Its normal to fine-tune things every few months.Need more help? Here are some great resources which I would recommend:Alex Fasulo – Learn How to Make Money from HomeDiana Marinova – Freelance Coach Marking ConsultantFreelancer Profile: 5 Steps To Making A Killer Impact

Naturalist Intelligence Examples

Naturalist Intelligence Examples Naturalist intelligence is one of researcher Howard Gardners nine multiple intelligences. This particular intelligence that involves how sensitive an individual is to nature and the world. People who excel in this intelligence typically are interested in growing plants, taking care of animals or studying animals or plants. Zookeepers, biologists, gardeners, and veterinarians are among those that Gardner sees as having high naturalist intelligence. Background Twenty-three years after his seminal work on multiple intelligences, Gardner added the naturalist intelligence to his original seven intelligences in  his 2006 book,  Multiple  Intelligences: New Horizons in Theory and Practice. He previously laid out his original theory with seven identified intelligences in his 1983 work, Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. In both books, Gardner argued that there are better or at least alternative ways to measure intelligence than standard  IQ tests  for students in both regular and special education. Gardner says that all people are born with one or more intelligences, such as logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic  and even musical intelligence. The best way to test, and develop, these intelligences is by practicing skills in these areas, says Gardner, and not through paper-and-pencil/online tests. Famous People With High Naturalist Intelligence In Multiple  Intelligences, Gardner gives examples of famous scholars with high naturalist intelligence, such as:   Charles Darwin: Historys  most  famous evolutionary scientist, Darwin proposed the theory of evolution through  natural selection.  Darwins famous journey on the  HMS Beagle  allowed him to study and collect natural specimens from across the globe. He published his finding in the classic book explaining evolution, The Origin of the Species.  Alexander von Humboldt: This 19th Century naturalist and explorer  was the first person to suggest that humans were having an impact on the natural world and causing climate change. His declaration was made over 200 years ago based on observations he recorded during his travels through South America.E.O. Wilson: The worlds greatest naturalist, and the father of sociobiology, wrote a 1990 book, Ants one of two books for which he won the Pulitzer Prize that explained how these insects create social structures, organizations, and hierarchies traits that were once thought only humans possessed.John James Audobon:  This naturalist created a collection of paintings, Birds of America,  published in four volumes from 1827 to 1838. Audobon is considered the father of the conservationist movement and inspired millions to take to the woods, lakes, and mountains in search of rare bird sightings. Using the Naturalist Intelligence in ELA Class Perhaps the best example to use in a classroom of a naturalist intelligence is one offered by the poet, William Wordsworth. Wordsworth summed up his own naturalist intelligence best in his poem, The Tables Turned when he encouraged the reader to get up from his studies and go out of doors. After reading the poem, teachers could simply end the lesson, and take Wordsworths advice and march the class out-of-doors! (with administrations permission, of course). Two stanzas highlight Wordsworths enthusiasm for Nature as a teacher for all: STANZA I:Up! up! my Friend, and quit your books;  Or surely youll grow double:Up! up! my Friend, and clear your looks;  Why all this toil and trouble?  STANZA III:Come forth into the light of things,  Let Nature be your teacher.   Characteristics of Naturalist Intelligence Some of the characteristics of those students with naturalist intelligence include their: Physically/emotionally adverse to pollutionIntense interest in learning about natureDramatic enthusiasm when in contact with naturePowers of observation in nature  Awareness of changes in weather Gardner notes that such persons with a high degree of naturalist intelligence are keenly aware of how to distinguish the diverse plants, animals, mountains, or cloud configurations in their ecological niche. Enhancing a Students Naturalist Intelligence Students with naturalist intelligence are interested in conservation and recycling, enjoy gardening, like animals, like to be outside, are interested in the weather and feel a connection to the earth. As a teacher, you can enhance and strengthen your students naturalist intelligence by having them: Attending class outside  Keep a nature journal to record changes or discoveries in natureIllustrate discoveries in natureRead books and articles about nature and the environmentWrite  articles about nature (poems, short stories, news articles)  Giving lessons on weather and naturePerforming skits about nature and cyclesConduct research on local foliage Students who have naturalist intelligence may take informed action, as suggested in the Social Studies Standards, in order to preserve the environment. They may write letters, petition their local politicians, or work with others to create green spaces in their communities. Gardner suggests bringing what he calls the summer culture into the rest of the year and into the learning environment. Send students outside, take them on short hikes, teach them how to observe and identify plants and animals and help them get back to nature. This is the best way, says Gardner, to increase their natural intelligence.

LA SUITE EAST PLC EXTRACTS FROM THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE'S CIRCULAR Assignment

LA SUITE EAST PLC EXTRACTS FROM THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE'S CIRCULAR - Assignment Example This means that the company uses more in production and other expenses to increase the sales, thus reducing the profit, which undermines the company’s performance. The project being started by the company has not been well planned for, which means that the money being spent on the project may lead to the downfall of the company. While planning for the building to be constructed, the company did not consider that there will be depreciation of the building with time. There is no improvement in the financial performance of the company because the increase in sales has increased the cost, so the project will not be the best idea. The difficulties of the company are tackled in various ways. First the company should consider ways of reducing the cost to raise the profits and minimize losses. The other solution to the company’s poor performance is to plan better for upcoming projects, considering all facts and risks, as well as future plans. The current project should not be carried out since it will lead to very serious

The Life of Oliver Cromwell Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Life of Oliver Cromwell - Research Paper Example Cromwell became Cambridge’s Member of Parliament, in 1628. However, he did not make any significant development, during his tenure as a member of parliament. This is because his tenure did not last long when Charles I dissolved parliament and ruled alone for 11 years before the Bishops of the Scott forced him to recall parliament due to lack of money (Carlyle & Sanderson 67). Cromwell returned to parliament and served only for three weeks as a member of parliament for Cambridge. This was called â€Å"the short parliament† because it existed for only three weeks. A long-term parliament was elected that same year and Cromwell returned as a member for Cambridge. He was forced to table ridiculous petitions before the house such as that of the release of John Liburne, who was arrested for importing religious tracts from Holland, because he owed his position to the elite, in parliament. Cromwell also linked himself to a religious group, which contained members from both the H ouse of Lords and House of Commons. On behalf of this religious group, he also tabled a motion for the abolition of episcopacy, which was called the â€Å"Root and Branch Bill† (Carlyle & Sanderson 76).The only experience Cromwell had in relation to military matters was the band training. However, he recruited his own cavalry troop and blocked a valuable silver shipment that was meant for the king. This was after his troop gained a lot of recognition and was formally incorporated into the formal army. to form part of the Eastern Association during the winter (Gardiner 8). Cromwell continued to gain a lot of experience by winning a few battles such as the battle of Gainsborough, which made him appointed as the governor of Ely and colonel of the Eastern Association. He entered the English civil war on the side of the parliamentarians who were nicknamed the â€Å"Old Ironsides† or â€Å"Roundheads† to become one of the principle commanders, in the New Model Army (B ritannica Concise Encyclopedia). Here, he played a significant role in the defeat of the royalist forces at the battle of Marston Moor. Cromwell’s military strategies though he had not undergone through any form of training were exemplary. His ability to train and lead his men and the invention of the close order military formation with his troops riding knee to knee made it more difficult for opponents to penetrate them (Carlyle & Sanderson 46).

Based on the writer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Based on the writer - Assignment Example Rodger’s case is one event that has shocked the whole world because he was a son of a famous director. He could be going to celebrity parties and hanging out with girls but he was uploading hate speeches on YouTube expressing his rage and anger against girls who had allegedly dumped him (Hamad, 2014). This young man of 22 could not communicate with any other person, let alone the opposite sex. Failure to communicate probably resulted in a violent expression of rage and hate. His parents had already arranged a personal therapist for Roger. Feeling jealousy, rejection and/or depression is almost a normal thing in every teenager’s life. ‘Geeks’ or ‘nerds’ are usually prone to these feelings because they are the ones usually picked on by bullies. But taking out this frustration by killing people is nothing but mental sickness. ‘Jeopardy’ champion, Arthur Chu appeared on Good Morning America and told the world that Roger’s emotional state was ‘normal’ for any nerd except for the murderous actions (Murray, 2014), yet he was severely mentally ill. There is hardly any doubt about Rodger’s motives for his murderous actions; he sent 107,000 word story to his parents, therapist and some others right before he carried out the shooting (Duke, 2014). The debate about his father (famous director) giving him a nice lifestyle is unclear because in his ‘story’ he writes of his financial suffering. He wished he were wealthier. Sometimes wishes can be too far-fetched and other times they are just needs. A prisoner wanting freedom is not really a want, it’s a need. The want for wealth, money, opposite sex and popularity is never ending. Theres no comparison between a prisoner wanting freedom and a person wanting more money. Repressed anger can explode or passively ooze out of the person. It is not only the case with the teenagers or young adults. The story Sweat (1926) by Zora Neale

Two Early Childhood Education Services in Your Community Essay Example for Free

Two Early Childhood Education Services in Your Community Essay Identify TWO early childhood education services in your community. Briefly explain their history and then compare and contrast their philosophies, educational goals and the strategies employed to achieve these goals. Kangaroo Kids education limited (KKEL) and Indian Montessori Foundation(IMF) are two organisations providing early childcare services in Mumbai, Maharashtra. W hile KKEL represents a more contemporary approach based on student-centric experiential learning processes, dynamic curriculum and stress-free environment that meet the ‘best practices’ and international standards of education (KangarooKids Education Ltd. [KKEL], n. d. ), the IMF, a long existing organization was setup with the vision of enabling children to reach their full potential through the principles of Montessori Education leading towards a more harmonious and peaceful world. (Indian Montessori Foundation. (IMF). n. d. ) The KKEL Vision as stated above, is to wholeheartedly serve children and make every learning moment a joyful, effective and meaningful one. Kangaroo Kids Education Ltd (KKEL) has brought about an alternate system of education which is a stark contrast to the widely prevalent ‘learn by rote’ methods of learning. The emphasis is on active learning and on providing a system that leads to the acquisition of both knowledge and skills. Today, KKEL supports 80 schools in India that are operating in 17 cities and has an international presence in Dubai and Maldives and is still growing rapidly. (KangarooKids Education Ltd. [KKEL], n. d. ) In contrast, the central principle in the Montessori Approach is that of using education as an aid to life. This approach comes from the fact that the principles of the Montessori Approach go hand in hand with the child’s own natural development stages. Montessori classrooms are referred to as prepared environments which provide children an atmosphere where they can choose the work they wish to pursue and allow them the freedom to develop at their own pace. In this work, the children are guided by a trained adult. The IMF aims to achieve the above goals by nurturing Montessori principles in schools, supporting AMI Montessori training, bringing together AMI Alumni, Promoting research and development of all aspects of Montessori Education and expanding the awareness of Montessori Principles in society. (Indian Montessori Foundation. [IMF]. n. d. ) The approaches of these organisations are perhaps most significantly different in terms of the philisophical underpinnings. W hile KKEL seems to derive from the experiential aspects largely contributing to the specific knowledge and skills the IMF instead relies on providing an understanding of universal principles of peace and harmony. Additionally their strategies seem starkly different, while IMF is focussed on engaging the community as a mode of sustaining, KKEl appears to be a promotion driven organisation. Finally and most crucially while their systems might seem quite different it would be fair to say that KKEL is perhaps an evolution of the IMF model, which while based on modern demands of cutting edge education solutions seems customised and contemporary but still aims to develop a child skills in manner broadly the same but specifically different. 1 BEd110C5: Introduction to Early Childhood Education – International 20110503 Namrata Sharma 2.

An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley :: Papers

An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley In my English class I have been reading the play 'An Inspector Calls'! The play is about a fairly well-off family (the Birling's) who have their evening spoilt by having an inspector call round, to ask them questions about a girl, Eva Smith, who drank some disinfectant to kill herself. I am going to start my comparisons with the head of the house-hold, Arthur Birling. Arthur Birling is a selfish, arrogant, family man who doesn't know the meaning of the word responsibility. The play starts off with the family sat around the dining table, toasting to the daughter, Sheila's, engagement to Gerald Croft. While the girls (Sheila and her mother, Sybil) trail off to the drawing room, Arthur decides to teach Gerald something about responsibility; 'A man has to mind his own business and look after himself and his own' He also has a fairly good reason as to why he thinks like this, and he tells so to the inspector; 'If we were all responsible for everything that happened to everybody we'd had anything to do with, it would be very awkward, wouldn't it?' When Arthur doesn't know the full story as to why the inspector has arrived, he tries to use his importance to get his way. He threatens the inspector with the following phrase; 'I've half a mind to report youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ perhaps I ought to warn you thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ our chief constableà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ he's an old friend of mine, and that I see him fairly often' Arthur doesn't react at all to the death of Eva, and he acts as though 'such is life'. When the inspector leaves towards the end of the play, Arthur tries to think of all sorts of idea's to prove that the man wasn't an inspector at all, - proving that Arthur didn't change at all in reaction to the death of one of his former employees. Sybil Birling is Arthur's wife. She is very like her husband in being selfish, and is very unrepentant. Sybil finds out that she had

Orhan Seyfi Ari :: History

Orhan Seyfi Ari An Idealist and Visionary (1918-1992) â€Å"A luminary to so many teachers†(Editorial in ‘Halkin Sesi’ of 27 December 1992) A School Teacher's Mark on Educational History, Teaching, Social Culture Of those who wrote about him in English/American, in Turkish, in Greek –book-magazine-newspaper articles and officially and privately (in England, Cyprus, Australia).. to a poet he was a star –in his poem, to a columnist an eminent school, to an author a remarkable man, to an editor a defender of liberties, to a writer an honour to have known, and to a researcher ‘Such nice things I have heard about him!’... To the Secretary of State for Education he was ‘the teacher of teachers’ –inscribed on his tomb, a university professor’s condolences from Turkey were to his nation –who in his honour named a street after him. Orhan Ari was born in Lapithiou -Paphos, in the, at the time, British colony of Cyprus.. after completing his secondary and high-school education in Nicosia, and upon qualifying through Morphou Teachers Training College, he also studied agriculture†¦ With a keen interest in his continuing professional development through courses and seminars, and as to the rest mostly self-educated, he has left his unmistakeable mark in the educational, cultural, ethical, social, progress and development of Cyprus. He had been a secondary school teacher, a head teacher, a lecturer; an occasional columnist, in his personal circle of friends also a debater, mystic, poet.. in retirement he was invited overseas to inspect schools, and to give talks to cultural organisations†¦ He was a true and courageous leader of both pupils and peoples ~his extraordinary motivating skills had made him a choice of the British for the pioneering educational and socio-cultural development of many of the country’s peoples, and popular in both the Turkish and Greek communities –having taught at also British schools pupils varying from Armenian to English etc., also after political independence, while later in the course of his community’s adapting to the Turkish system of education (as may be suggested by some of his symbolic poems) he appears to have been officially perhaps less appreciated, upon his peacefully passing away –as a cleric of a couple of years in his retirement to make ends meet, the press having praised also his patriotism, the Leader of the Parliament of the Turkish Republic of North Cyprus described him as having made both the state and the nation proud as â€Å"A successful modern educator.

The Orangutans

INTRODUCTION Do you know this animal guys? Yes, u’re alright, this cute animal has name â€Å"Orangutan†. And do you know where we can find these animal? Of course in the forest, it’s a mistake if you say it can be found at your home or in Unesa’s area! hehe.. The question I mean is â€Å"Do you know where country they can survive alive? † OK,, I think you will understand after this presentation, because in this presentation we are going to talk much about this animal and the reality how they can be threatened in nowadays. Orangutans are the only exclusively Asian genus of extant great ape. They have proportionally longer arms than the other, more terrestrial, and great apes. They are among the most intelligent primates and use a variety of sophisticated tools, they also can make sleeping nests each night from branches and foliage. So, it’s not stranger if they are often called as â€Å"the human of forest†. You know guys, Orangutans are now found only in Sumatra and Borneo, in Southeast Asia. Nowadays, the biggest threat that is faced by the habitat of orangutans is a decreasing of their habitat because the rain forest where they live is used as palm oil, mining and trees felled for timber. Orangutans have lost 80% of the habitat in less than 20 years. Indonesia is one country that has reduced the number of the world's largest tropical forest. There are no signs that show reduced rates of deforestation. About 15 years ago, there were approximately 1. million hectares of forest area that continues to cut down every year in Indonesia, and continue to grow in 2000 as many as 2 million hectare. Legal and illegal loggings have affected the depreciation amount of forest in Indonesia. The opening of the forest as oil fields in Indonesia also has resulted in millions of hectares of forest clearing, and it will happen later to all the plain forests which are not protected. As an information, we have to know that Indonesia is a ‘home' for 90 percent of the remaining species w ild orangutans that have habitat in the tropical rain forest. But the forests in Indonesia for 50 years has been much reduced because of illegal logging, land clearing for oil palm industry, paper and pulp. Consequently, these orangutans have lost their homes, and forced to scramble land with humans, that ultimately lead to conflict. And this conflict really happened in Kalimantan, it has recently been reported that there was a massive slaughter of orangutans in Kalimantan. The existence of endangered orangutans in East Kalimantan has been even more endangered. They continue to be slaughtered, as the impact of forest clearing for oil palm plantation. According to the results of a recent survey, people who live on the Indonesian side of Borneo or Kalimantan, have killed at least 750 orangutans in a year. The beginning point of orangutans slaughter is originated from a palm oil company of Malaysia that plans to plant oil palm there, they held deforestation which reached thousands hectares of forest. As a result, habitat for animals, especially orangutans in the forest habitat becomes damaged. They will lose their homes and their food sources. So that, they survived their lives by eating the buds of palm oil that has been planted. This makes the company owners furious, they decide orangutan is a pest and must be destroyed. One of witness even said that the company promised to pay anyone who managed to kill and persecute the orangutans will be paid 500 thousand to 1 million rupiahs. So, that triggers the local society to do the hunting of orangutans with various ways to get that reward. This is basically what this paper are going to talk. This paper will give a complete and detail analysis from the information above of the case of the orangutan slughter problem by giving the prediction of the negative effect that are going to be hapenned if this condition continues. This paper will also give some opinion based on the analysis,who to be responsible for this case,and what to do to recover this bad condition by giving some recommendation to the government.

British Sovereignty&Europe essays

British Sovereignty&Europe essays How has British Sovereignty been compromised by membership of the European Union? The word sovereignty itself means the legitimate location of power of last resort over any community. It may be defined purely in legal terms as the power to make binding laws which no other body can break. It may be viewed as the autonomous power of a community to govern itself, a territorial concept relating to the powers of independent nation states. A.V. Dicey defined British Parliamentary Sovereignty in 1885 as Parliament has the right to make or unmake any law whatsoever, and that no person or body is recognised by the law of England as having the right to override or set aside the legislation of Parliament. This has often stood out as the linchpin of the British Constitution and Hood Philips, a twentieth century constitutional lawyer called it the one fundamental rule of the British Constitution Parliamentary sovereignty was effectively negated in 1973 when Britain joined the European Union which has injected a whole new judicial dimension into the constitution of Britain. This meant that the British parliament lost legal and legislative sovereignty both de jure and de facto (both in theory and practise) in areas where European law took precedence. The loss of sovereignty seems to have increased since 1973 with the growing scope of European intervention and with the reforms of the voting procedures. One of the key reforms was the change from unanimous voting in the Council of Ministers so any one country could veto any policy, to Qualified Majority Voting, under the Single European Act 1986. For example, in 1993 Britain was over ruled on the principle of a 48-hour working week. Britain held a national referendum on continuing membership of the then EC in 1975. This was merely advisory technically and so in theory Parliaments sovereignty was not affected. Parliament could not ignore the results and so Parliaments ...

Divorce and family deterioration essays

Divorce and family deterioration essays My mother was a loving housewife. With a great deal of patience, she diligently carried the weight of our needs on her strong shoulders. Like most women of her time it was the social norm for the husband to be the breadwinner and for the wife to take care of the home. These roles have changed over the years with the increased involvement of married women in the work force. The effects of a married womens employment can have adverse consequences that has lead to a rise in divorce and deterioration of the family household. Fighting for ones marriage was strongly encouraged in the past. Divorce was generally frowned upon like a sickness. Views regarding divorce have changed over the years. I can remember the advice my grandmother would give my mom whenever marital distraught threatened her life. She would tell mom, Hes your husband and you need to work things out! The ease of filing for divorce has become the immediate quick fix to the problems were facing today. My first marriage ended this way. It was so easy; my ex-wife simply did most of her filing over the internet. Laws have been set in place to make this process easier. For example, in the state of Florida its called Simplified Dissolution of Marriage. Unfortunately, divorce has become an accepted event in our society. Can we afford to ignore these factors? We should seriously consider the relationship between a working wifes financial independence and the availability to these simplified divorce procedures. Changes in economic conditions have shifted the emphasis from togetherness to an emphasis on individuality (Elkind, 1994). Married working women are less financially dependent of their husbands. I believe the traditional housewife was almost forced to make her marriage work. We can ask ourselves if an employed mother would work harder at saving her marriage than a fina ...

Punctuation of Appositives

Punctuation of Appositives Punctuation of Appositives Punctuation of Appositives By Mark Nichol Consider the sentence â€Å"The site’s editor Mary Smith wrote an opinion on the topic.† The lack of supporting punctuation in the identification of the writer of the opinion is an error. This mistake is common when appositives are involved. An appositive is a word or phrase that is equivalent in meaning to another; in this case, â€Å"the site’s editor† and â€Å"Mary Smith† are different ways of referring to the same person, so they are appositives. (Similarly, in â€Å"The car, a brand-new Tesla, attracted much attention,† â€Å"the car† and â€Å"a brand-new Tesla† are appositives.) â€Å"The site’s editor, Mary Smith, wrote an opinion on the topic† and â€Å"Mary Smith, the site’s editor, wrote an opinion on the topic† both present additional information that is not essential to the sentence (and therefore is set off parenthetically by a pair of commas). Each one also unequivocally identifies Mary Smith as the sole editor of the site. (However, whether that means she is the only person who edits content on the site or she holds the specific position of editor and supervises one or more assistant editors is not certain; it would be better, if the latter is true, for her to hold a more distinctive title, such as â€Å"editor in chief.†) By contrast, the original wording is flawed, in that the appositives, or equivalent phrases, â€Å"the site’s editor† and â€Å"Mary Smith,† butt up against each other without intervening punctuation. (In the preceding sentence, appositives and â€Å"equivalent phrases† are themselves appositives.) The similar-looking but distinct construction in â€Å"Site editor Mary Smith wrote an opinion on the topic,† however, is correct, in that â€Å"site editor† is a job description that is essential to understanding Smith’s role in writing the opinion, rather than a parenthetical explanation that can be omitted. This version, though, also makes it unclear whether Smith is the only editor; is she the editor, or an editor? To indicate the latter, â€Å"Mary Smith, one of the site’s editors, wrote an opinion on the topic† or â€Å"Mary Smith, a site editor, wrote an opinion on the topic† is better. The original problem is related to that inherent in a sentence such as â€Å"John’s sister Jane is getting married.† The sentence may not accurately reflect how many sisters John has. As it is written, Jane is only one of two or more sisters; the lack of a comma between sister and Jane indicates that her name is essential information: The sister of John who is named Jane is getting married. â€Å"John’s sister, Jane, is getting married,† on the other hand, includes an optional parenthesis: John’s sister, whose name is Jane, is getting married. Depending on context, appositives may or may not be set off from each other by commas or other punctuation. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Structure A Story: The Eight-Point Arc80 Idioms with the Word TimeHow to Send Tactful Emails from a Technical Support Desk

Business law questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business law questions - Assignment Example he employee would still be ultimately responsible for the theft that they committed regardless of the extenuating circumstances of the case and the fact that they paid back the amount at a later time. In short, the defendants were ultimately protected by the release that they had been able to obtain due to the fact that the employee had willingly accepted it at the time it was offered; in full knowledge of whatever economic distress may or may not have existed at that time. Furthermore, the only way in which the plaintiff could have a legitimate case is if they were able to prove that they had been forced to sign the agreement under another type of distress or duress. Ultimately, due to the fact that the employee signed the agreement with a sound mind and under the understanding that they would be experiencing monetary benefit from the arrangement and would hold harmless the defendant for any further threat of legal action against them with regards to this incident. This particular situation has a level of tie in with regards to the way in which many agreements are completed. Whether or not duress is implied within a given situation, consent to abide by the terms of a legally bin ding contract necessarily precludes almost any further actions that can be made by such an individual with regards to such a situation. Although this is not necessarily ethical or fair, it does help to underscore the importance of reading and understanding the ramifications of what paperwork is signed and/or agreed to in any given situation. With regards to the binding nature of Corning Glass Works to Hanan Consultants, the oral contract is of course non-binding. However, it should be noted that it is highly unethical to make an oral contract with a vendor and then fail to uphold it based upon the fact that it is no longer convenient for either party involved. Such actions have made it necessary for participants in any contract to obtain written and legal promissory notes to ensure

Global pedagogy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global pedagogy - Essay Example Such issues include global warming, attempts by culture diversities to maintain inequality and oppression against women or children slavery. It also seeks to analyze merits of cultural diversity towards pushing for moral relativism, as well as sustainable management of waste. Global pedagogy incorporates modern methods of achieving democracy, liberty, and equality for all across the world (Noddings, 2013). Pedagogical methods results into global educational transformation through provision of practical and accessible information. Global pedagogy enhances availability of scholarly resources that learners and staff of various institutions need to promote a world over philosophy and citizenship. Developing global philosophy involves many processes. The process demands that individuals, organizations, and states play their respective roles. Appreciating and utilizing world’s cultural diversity is one of the ways we can develop global philosophy and citizenship. Diversity involves differences in age, sex, races, ethnicity, and religious backgrounds. When such cultural differences become a tool for enhancing global philosophy, the world achieves a desirable blend of people (Noddings, 2013). Such blends have an advantage concerning specialization and generation of ideas. Developing global pedagogy involves study and practicing of religion. Therefore, utilization of teachers to employ their professional and rights towards giving students a free environment to study and practice religion is vital (Noddings, 2013). The globalized world, therefore, achieves diversity in terms of professionals, careers, good decision making and unity. Teachers, therefore, should incorporate lessons involving importance and benefits of cultural diversity in their pedagogical efforts. Working with people of diversified colors, political backgrounds, and physical appearances more likely creates unity (Behbehanian & Burawoy,

How contemporary designer Anna Sui, has reinterpreted and been Essay

How contemporary designer Anna Sui, has reinterpreted and been influenced by the past - Essay Example Anna Sui had a rough start as a designer, not only did she get fired from her job for featuring her collection in a New York fair trade but also started a small business in her apartment with only 300 dollars in her account. Her collection, which consisted of only 5 pieces, was designed and made exclusively in her studio apartment and got featured in New York Times. From that point on her talent as a designer was a force to be reckoned with, however she highly struggled next to â€Å"big-name houses† in the 1980’s as power dressing was the popular style and Anna Sui focused mainly on quirky design that incorporated her love for music (folk, gunge, punk etc.) and her fascination for the past (Victorian, Rococo, Parisian Boudoir etc.) Her close friend Naomi Campbell then suggested that she host a fashion show in order to show the world her different approach to fashion. Thus she rented a small space and rewarded the models with clothes, the show was a breakthrough in her career. Not only did her name get known but also she understood that staying true to herself and her inspirations was going to be the key to her success and to this day her designs still incorporate her love for music and her fascination for the past.

Court Procedures 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Court Procedures 3 - Essay Example s is mostly possible through the arresting and investigating officer’s sworn testimony about the area where the crime was committed being the same area where the trial is being held. This is enough to convince the judge and jury that the place of trial is in accordance with the constitution. Every accused individual has a right to a speedy trial as a constitutional right. There are two major differences between the constitutional and statutory right to a speedy trial. The first difference is that there should be a test to determine if the right was violated. In the statutory right, the test is carried out just in regards to violation of time periods and nothing more. However, the constitutional right examines factors such as the length of delay, justification of that delay, the prejudice that the delay caused and whether this delay was asserted by the defendant or not. The other difference is in regards to the remedy for the violation of this right. The statutory right depends on the statute provided some of which indicate the defendant may be retired while the constitutional right requires dismissal of charges and failure to retry the defendant on the offence. There are two things that are considered in regards to the mental status of the defendant: the first is insanity and the other is competency to stand trial. The two are different even though they sound similar. Insanity regards the mental state of the defendant at the time when the alleged crime took place while competence to stand trial regards the mental state of the patient during the trial which may prevent him from being tried. The competence of any individual to stand trial is protected by the Fifth as well as the Fourteenth Amendments and prevents any incompetent individual from standing trial. Proof is however needed to verify the state of mind of the defendant. The most important thing in chapter 11 is the explanation of the role of the judge as well as the prosecutor which may people do not

Main Rules of Energy Governance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Main Rules of Energy Governance - Assignment Example Energy security remains a major concern to most emerging economies, mainly due to overreliance on nonrenewable sources by most of these countries. Consequently, most governments prioritize energy security over climate change. The need to address global climatic changes, therefore, has mainly been driven by developed countries (Ren & Zhenyu 635). Presence of electoral rules that strongly favor major political parties derailed the rapid growth of wind-power in the US. On the other hand, the presence of stable energy policies coupled with financial incentives ensured that Germany experienced rapid growth in wind-power earlier. Despite this difference, both countries rank among the top three global generators of wind-power. Conclusively, one would identify the nature of the electoral systems in the two countries as the overall political factor that makes each of their pursuit of wind-power distinctive (Shepherd & Li Zhang  186).  

Court Procedures 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Court Procedures 3 - Essay Example s is mostly possible through the arresting and investigating officer’s sworn testimony about the area where the crime was committed being the same area where the trial is being held. This is enough to convince the judge and jury that the place of trial is in accordance with the constitution. Every accused individual has a right to a speedy trial as a constitutional right. There are two major differences between the constitutional and statutory right to a speedy trial. The first difference is that there should be a test to determine if the right was violated. In the statutory right, the test is carried out just in regards to violation of time periods and nothing more. However, the constitutional right examines factors such as the length of delay, justification of that delay, the prejudice that the delay caused and whether this delay was asserted by the defendant or not. The other difference is in regards to the remedy for the violation of this right. The statutory right depends on the statute provided some of which indicate the defendant may be retired while the constitutional right requires dismissal of charges and failure to retry the defendant on the offence. There are two things that are considered in regards to the mental status of the defendant: the first is insanity and the other is competency to stand trial. The two are different even though they sound similar. Insanity regards the mental state of the defendant at the time when the alleged crime took place while competence to stand trial regards the mental state of the patient during the trial which may prevent him from being tried. The competence of any individual to stand trial is protected by the Fifth as well as the Fourteenth Amendments and prevents any incompetent individual from standing trial. Proof is however needed to verify the state of mind of the defendant. The most important thing in chapter 11 is the explanation of the role of the judge as well as the prosecutor which may people do not